Molecular formulas alone do not uniquely identify structure. BioConst stores character-based structure identifiers and derives diagrams when needed; it does not use this page to interpret personal lab results, rank risk, recommend supplements or drugs, or make treatment claims.
energy-carbon
Energy and carbon flow
Molecules that carry phosphate energy, carbon skeletons, or central metabolic traffic.
PubChem CID 5957
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
ATP is a recurring energy-coupling node for active transport, biosynthesis, muscle work, repair, and signaling.[2]
- Molecular formula
- C10H16N5O13P3
- Molecular weight
- 507.18
- InChIKey
- ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-N
PubChem CID 6022
ADP
Adenosine diphosphate
ADP sits next to ATP in phosphate turnover and helps show whether a mechanism is spending or regenerating cellular energy.[3]
- Molecular formula
- C10H15N5O10P2
- Molecular weight
- 427.20
- InChIKey
- XTWYTFMLZFPYCI-KQYNXXCUSA-N
PubChem CID 6083
AMP
Adenosine monophosphate
AMP is useful as a low-energy-state signal and nucleotide building block when BioConst describes energy stress.[4]
- Molecular formula
- C10H14N5O7P
- Molecular weight
- 347.22
- InChIKey
- UDMBCSSLTHHNCD-KQYNXXCUSA-N
PubChem CID 5793
D-glucose
D-glucose is a central carbon fuel and measurement anchor for blood-sugar, insulin, and energy-flow explanations.[5]
- Molecular formula
- C6H12O6
- Molecular weight
- 180.16
- InChIKey
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N
PubChem CID 1060
Pyruvic acid
Pyruvic acid is a central branch point between glycolysis, lactate formation, and mitochondrial carbon entry.[9]
- Molecular formula
- C3H4O3
- Molecular weight
- 88.06
- InChIKey
- LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID 612
Lactic acid
Lactic acid helps explain anaerobic glycolysis, lactate buffering, tissue oxygen context, and acid-base load.[10]
- Molecular formula
- C3H6O3
- Molecular weight
- 90.08
- InChIKey
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID 444493
Acetyl-CoA
Acetyl coenzyme A
Acetyl-CoA connects carbohydrate, fat, and amino-acid carbon flow to mitochondrial oxidation and biosynthesis.[11]
- Molecular formula
- C23H38N7O17P3S
- Molecular weight
- 809.6
- InChIKey
- ZSLZBFCDCINBPY-ZSJPKINUSA-N
PubChem CID 311
Citric acid
Citric acid is a visible TCA-cycle node for explaining mitochondrial carbon handling and citrate export.[12]
- Molecular formula
- C6H8O7
- Molecular weight
- 192.12
- InChIKey
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
redox-cofactors
Redox and cofactors
Electron carriers and thiol systems that explain oxidation, reduction, and repair load.
PubChem CID 5892
NAD+
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NAD+ is a major oxidized redox carrier and a useful anchor for energy metabolism and repair-enzyme context.[13]
- Molecular formula
- C21H27N7O14P2
- Molecular weight
- 663.4
- InChIKey
- BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N
PubChem CID 439153
NADH
NADH is the reduced partner of NAD+ and helps make electron transfer and mitochondrial energy conversion visible.[14]
- Molecular formula
- C21H29N7O14P2
- Molecular weight
- 665.4
- InChIKey
- BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N
PubChem CID 643975
FAD
Flavin adenine dinucleotide
FAD is a flavin cofactor that anchors many oxidation-reduction steps in mitochondrial and enzymatic pathways.[15]
- Molecular formula
- C27H33N9O15P2
- Molecular weight
- 785.5
- InChIKey
- VWWQXMAJTJZDQX-UYBVJOGSSA-N
PubChem CID 124886
Glutathione
Glutathione is a thiol-containing molecule that keeps antioxidant and detoxification discussions chemically grounded.[16]
- Molecular formula
- C10H17N3O6S
- Molecular weight
- 307.33
- InChIKey
- RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N
PubChem CID 65359
Glutathione disulfide
Glutathione disulfide is the oxidized partner of reduced glutathione and helps explain redox balance.[17]
- Molecular formula
- C20H32N6O12S2
- Molecular weight
- 612.6
- InChIKey
- YPZRWBKMTBYPTK-BJDJZHNGSA-N
signals-ions
Signals, ions, and messengers
Small molecules and ions that carry fast biological signals across tissues and cells.
PubChem CID 6076
cAMP
Cyclic AMP
cAMP is a classic second messenger for translating receptor activation into intracellular response.[18]
- Molecular formula
- C10H12N5O6P
- Molecular weight
- 329.21
- InChIKey
- IVOMOUWHDPKRLL-KQYNXXCUSA-N
PubChem CID 145068
Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide is a tiny gaseous signal that is useful for vascular tone, endothelial function, and cell-signaling maps.[19]
- Molecular formula
- NO
- Molecular weight
- 30.006
- InChIKey
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID 271
Calcium ion
Calcium(2+)
Calcium ion is both a structural mineral context and a fast intracellular signaling ion.[20]
- Molecular formula
- Ca+2
- Molecular weight
- 40.08
- InChIKey
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID 5754
Cortisol
Cortisol is a steroid hormone anchor for stress-axis, metabolism, immune, and bone-context explanations.[22]
- Molecular formula
- C21H30O5
- Molecular weight
- 362.5
- InChIKey
- JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N
PubChem CID 681
Dopamine
Dopamine is a catecholamine signal molecule for reward, movement, autonomic, and endocrine context.[25]
- Molecular formula
- C8H11NO2
- Molecular weight
- 153.18
- InChIKey
- VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID 5202
Serotonin
Serotonin is a monoamine signal molecule that connects brain, gut, platelet, and vascular discussions.[26]
- Molecular formula
- C10H12N2O
- Molecular weight
- 176.21
- InChIKey
- QZAYGJVTTNCVMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
structure-waste
Structure and nitrogen waste
Molecules that anchor membranes, oxygen binding, amino-acid chemistry, and nitrogen disposal.
PubChem CID 26945
Heme
Heme anchors oxygen binding, red-blood-cell chemistry, cytochrome enzymes, and iron-handling explanations.[27]
- Molecular formula
- C34H32FeN4O4
- Molecular weight
- 616.5
- InChIKey
- KABFMIBPWCXCRK-UHFFFAOYSA-L
PubChem CID 5997
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a membrane and steroid-precursor molecule that helps separate lipid chemistry from lipoprotein transport.[32]
- Molecular formula
- C27H46O
- Molecular weight
- 386.7
- InChIKey
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N
PubChem CID 750
Glycine
Glycine is the simplest amino acid and a useful bridge into collagen, one-carbon, and inhibitory-neurotransmission topics.[35]
- Molecular formula
- C2H5NO2
- Molecular weight
- 75.07
- InChIKey
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID 5862
Cysteine
Cysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that explains thiol chemistry, disulfide bonds, and glutathione synthesis.[36]
- Molecular formula
- C3H7NO2S
- Molecular weight
- 121.16
- InChIKey
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N
PubChem CID 1176
Urea
Urea makes nitrogen disposal, liver urea-cycle context, kidney excretion, and blood urea nitrogen easier to map.[37]
- Molecular formula
- CH4N2O
- Molecular weight
- 60.056
- InChIKey
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID 1175
Uric acid
Uric acid helps connect purine breakdown, kidney handling, crystal context, and oxidative-stress discussions.[39]
- Molecular formula
- C5H4N4O3
- Molecular weight
- 168.11
- InChIKey
- LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N